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 Geometric
Alignments
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(Ancient geometric landscape alignments)
Sir Norman Lockyer was one of the first modern
Europeans to identify the presence of an underlying geometry connecting
the alignments of ancient sites.
The ancient landscape was a canvas
upon which in prehistory, our ancestors connected points on the ground with points in the sky, further
reinforcing these connections with
megalithic constructions. Although simplistic, this is the essence of
the ley-line theory, which is still not fully accepted by the
scientific community. The suggestion of a further geometric connection
between these alignments has always been a bone of contention for
mainstream pre-historians, who still argue that Neolithic people were
simple tribal, hunter/gatherers, with only basic skills, and as yet
not identifying any presence of any order or hierarchy in their
society, which might facilitate the existence of such grand
architecture.
Scroll down for more.
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Prominent European Geomancers.
 Sir
Norman Lockyer
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(1836-1920)
- Lockyer made the first 'professional' observation of geometry in the
lay-out of the ancient landscape. He realised that a geometric
connection existed between
Stonehenge,
Grovely (Grove-ley) castle and Old Sarum. The three form an equilateral
triangle
with sides 6 miles long. The Stonehenge-Old
Sarum line is continued another 6 miles to the site of the present Salisbury
Cathedral, then the Clearbury rings and Frankenbury.
The Stonehenge-Grovely castle line is aligned with the avenue, which leads
away from Stonehenge, along the azimuth of the summer-solstice sun-rise. The
alignment
extends to the
North-East beyond St Peters mound, Inkpen beacon, and the Neolithic
'Winterbourne camp'. To the South-West the line continues past Grovely
Castle, Castle ditches and the 'Cerne-Abbas'
giant to Puncknowle beacon on the South coast
Lockyer pioneered the field of archaeo-astronomy, and spent some a time in
Egypt, where he investigated the alignments and orientations of many ancient
structures. He was able to combine his astronomical knowledge with
observations at certain temples, and produce dates that he confirmed through
examples of temples with re-aligned axis. His researches led him to conclude
dates of 4,000 BC for early dynastic structures (3).
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William Black
- In the 1800's, an expert
on roman roads called
William Black,
announced his theory that he had uncovered
a whole system of ‘grand geometric lines’, radial and polygonal,
which ran across Britain and beyond. He pursued his studies for fifty
years before releasing the theory. They linked major landmarks in a
precise manner, even defining the boundary markers of counties. Black
died in 1872. (Ref: Sacred geometry).
Note: A number of locations (i.e. Normandy/Brittany, Ireland,
France/Italy etc), still have dominant megaliths that seem to define
borders.
When the
boundary-line between Normandy and Brittany in
France was established, The pre-existing standing stone 'Dol-de-Breton'
became a natural boundary marker. Several ancient county
borders in England also used pre-existing megaliths to
define their boundaries. |
 Prof. Alexander Thom
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Radically suggested that geometry was used in the
design of certain prehistoric
sites. He surveyed hundreds of European megaliths and concluded that
fundamental mathematic principles, based upon a common unit of measurement which he called the
megalithic yard,
had been applied in the
design of certain sites. As the megalithic tradition in Europe can be traced
back to at least 4,000 BC, if not earlier still, his work is still not
accepted by many archaeologists, although such a strong presence of
mathematics should not be ignored, as it clearly suggests that the design of
many sacred sites seems to have been based on a very sophisticated
philosophy of sacred science such as was taught centuries later by the
Pythagorean school.
As
Professor Thom observes in his book Megalithic Sites in Britain
(1967):
“It
is remarkable that one thousand years before the earliest mathematicians
of classical Greece, people in these islands not only had a practical
knowledge of geometry and were capable of setting out elaborate
geometrical designs but could also set out ellipses based on the
Pythagorean triangles.”
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Xavier Guichard
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France was the home to a
detective called Xavier Guichard, who in
the early 20th century, while investigating the ancient roots of place
names, discovered a prehistoric network of alignments extending throughout
France (and other areas of Europe). These alignments were connected by locations
with the name
Alaise. He also concluded that he had touched upon the
Eluesian
mysteries of ancient Greece.
Guichard's research
uncovered two giant 'Rose des Vents', one of which was divided 24 times and
had no astronomic significance, and the other one orientated towards the
rising and setting points of the equinoxial sun. The underlying geometry
suggests a division of the circle into units divisible by 24, (suggesting
the use of a 360°
circle), in addition to which, all of the several hundred ' alaisian'
locations were seperated by units of exactly one degree of either longitude
or latitude (also based on a 360°
circle). his strongly
suggests the awareness of longitude and latitude.
The implications of such a large-scale practical display of geometric
alignments forces
an investigation of his claims.
(View the results here soon)
It is noticeable that
Guichard reached similar conclusions over
the purpose of certain routes, and determined the same root-name
(Alaise-Leys), his work was entirely
independent of his contemporary researcher in England, Alfred Watkins who's work on 'Ley-lines'.appeared
to
( Available Now - Xavier Guichard's rare classic 'Eleuse Alaise' -
E-Mail for details)
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Livvio Stecchini
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Suggested that the ancient
oracle
centres were placed according to geodetic principles at which 'Omphalus'
or 'Navel stones' were placed. This idea is supported by the
historical narratives of Herodotus, who wrote
that the oracle centre of Amon in Libya was founded by flying doves from
Thebes, which was long considered the geodetic centre of ancient Egypt, is
located 2/7ths of distance from the equator and the north pole, and at which
an Omphalus was later discovered. Herodotus also wrote that the oracle
centre at Dodona was said to have been founded by Egyptian priestesses from
Thebes and that doves flew between the two sites. Dodona was believed by the
Greeks to have been the resting place of the ark, and it is interesting to
note that two doves are often associated with Omphalus. The
Hebrews believe that the final resting place of the ark was at Mount Ararat
in Turkey, which is on the exact same latitude as Dodona, and the three form
an equilateral triangle.
Robert Temple, later continued Secchini's work, suggesting that the separation of the oracle centres, each
by 1 °
of latitude, created an 'oracle octave', from which the seven
major centres were placed, each devoted to one of the seven known planets,
and symbolised by different sacred trees and letters (for more on this
subject, refer to the tree alphabet in R. Greaves book 'The
White Goddess', and this, he
believed formed the basis of the 'Eleusian
mysteries'
The idea that ancient Greek temples and sacred
locations were located according to mathematical was explored
extensively by (Th. Manias? Via *By
Antonis T. Vasilakis), who believed that ‘each
of the different enormous cities built around the globe by our
ancestors, the Minoans (before the existence of any form of civilization
in Egypt), was a geodetic landmark of a colossal system of annotation
for each geographical longitude, with the most ancient being the centre
of the Omphalic Field of Knossos, (…until…) the grand disaster of
which took place in the second half of the 16th century B.C’
(Extract from 'TA
AGNOSTA MEGALOYRGIMATA TON ARHAION HELLINON' by
Th. Manias)
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John Michell -
Began by researching stone circles in Cornwall, through which he began to
recognise a the presence of common units of measurement, and geometric
connections between megalithic sites.
First brought to the public attention the
existence of the now famous 'St Michaels' ley-line and also revealed in
‘City of revelation’,
the existence of a
large scale geometric figure 'The
Decagon' across southern Britain. The ancient Celtic
‘perpetual choirs’ at Llantwit manor, Glastonbury Abbey and Stonehenge were
shown to be 'three vertices of a regular decagon of majestic proportions.
A fourth vertex exists at Goring-on Thames where a major pagan temple once
stood at the junction of several important track ways'. The centre of
the decagon is at the apparently insignificant hamlet of Whiteleaved Oak
where the former counties of Hereford, Gloucester and Worcester came
together. This decagon is related by angle and distance to the other
geomantic centres of Britain.
 Note: Michael Behrend
supported Michell's original concept but made two small changes to the
original scheme. At present, no more than
three
vortices can be shown have a substantial enough accuracy and
significance, although
their
distance and angle from each other certainly appears to be accurate
enough to suggest the possibility of a deliberate, rather than
incidental placement.
(More about 'The Decagon')
The discovery of a
geometric relationship between
Glastonbury and
Stonehenge
is
not unique. The
two sites are also associated with several other ancient structures in
Britain (such as the right-angled triangle formed with the inclusion of
Avebury/Silbury. The
strong astronomic and sacred
nature of these sites is reminiscent of
Lockyer's earlier theories concerning the alignment of such sites, and it is
tempting to conclude that such factors resulted in a geometric relationship.
However, such a synthesis
by no means precludes the idea that geometry itself was the original factor
that determined the location of the sites. It is therefore interesting
to note that the 'decagon' is centred on the border of three counties
(Whiteleaved Oak), which
(apart from the 'sacred' name), has no reference to either astronomy or religion.
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Chris Street
- (http://earthstars.co.uk)
- Revealed in his book 'Earthstars', the existence of a series of
underlying geometric alignments
connecting London's ancient landmarks, and even
extending beyond. Significantly, many of the sites identified combine to
produce two concentric circles that surround London. The proportions of
these circles are the same as those found in the geometric pattern described as the sacred proportions for the city of
'New Jerusalem', the 'holy city of revelations' ( as decreed by St.
John). It is also interesting that the same geometric pattern is
repeated in the ground-plan for
Stonehenge, which has
numerous other geometric associations itself.
The observation of the same
pattern at both sites is compounded by the fact that it is the same one
produced by 'squaring the circle' in
sacred geometry, which
results in the proportion otherwise known as the 'sacred mean', as seen
throughout nature, (such as the relationship between the distances and
dimensions of the Earth and the Moon).
(Return
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What is a 'geometric alignment'......'Analysis
of the Stonehenge triangle'...
The equilateral triangle at
Stonehenge which was recognised
by Sir Norman Lockyer serves as an excellent means whereby many of the answers to
these questions can be found through the same example.
The sites identified by Alfred
Watkins in the 1920's that composed ley-lines in Britain included the
following:
Stone-circles,
mounds, Beacon points, cross-roads, dolmens, standing stones,
dew-ponds etc...
The marker points for the Stonehenge
triangle are: Stonehenge (Circle, Henge), Grovely castle (Grove-ley),
Old Sarum (Mound, Circle, Henge). All classic Watkinsian markers. Further
more, each side extends beyond the triangle, crossing more classic
Watkinsian markers.
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A
fundamental component in the Stonehenge-Grovely alignment is that it
is oriented along the azimuth of the mid-summer solstice sun.
Although there is a huge range of dates for these markers,
(i.e. Grovely castle is dated at ???, while work at Stonehenge began
at around 3,100 BC (5) it is possible to identify at least 3
sites along the Stonehenge-Grovely castle line that have Neolithic
provenance, clearly dating the origin of this line in particular to at
least 3,000 BC. The Stonehenge - Old Sarum line continues on to
Avebury (Silbury Hill), and can be considered to
be at least of the same age, as both Avebury and Old Sarum are dated
at 3,000 BC (6). Watkins believed that ley-lines terminated with a
beacon point which both Silbury Hill and Old Sarum are classic
examples of.
The last side of the triangle, from Grovely Castle
to Old Sarum however, shows little, if any significant extension in
either direction. The fact that both lie at the same distance from
Stonehenge, might better be explained by the actual distance between Grovely castle
and Old Sarum, as both of these locations are natural outcrops
protruding from the surrounding landscape, which leads to the
possibility that it was the distance between these two sites which
played a part in determining the specific location of Stonehenge.
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The World Grid.
Q)... There has
been much speculation over the existence of a 'world-grid' - But
what exactly is it?
There are two general theories
about a 'world grid' which are:
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The most common
theory suggests the presence of tangible earth-energies which
flow in lines around the world and which can be either
reinforced or tapped into through the building of megalithic and
sacred structures along their path. It is speculated that at
some time in the past, our ancestors constructed sacred sites at
certain locations at nodes of these energy lines.
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The other theory
also involves the construction of ancient and sacred sites, only
it speculates that their placement was based on geometric
principles. This theory is often associated with the
mysterious knowledge of 'sacred geometry', and is not
exclusively involved with energy, although there is
suggestion of magnification of universal energies through
constructions designed with certain proportions.
For the purpose
of this page, we are concerned only with the latter theory,
which suggests the placement of ancient and sacred sites
according to geometric principles. The late, great
Alexander Thom determined the presence of numerous geometry at
megalithic locations and concluded that they had applied 'Euclidean'
geometry in the construction of many significant sites.
(More about Alexander Thom and the Megalithic yard)
(More
about the World-Grid)
(Return to Top)
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Examples of Geometric Alignments
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Shape |
Location |
Discoverer |
Select |
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Equilateral triangle |
Salisbury, England |
Sir N. Lockyear |
View |
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'Decagon' |
England-Wales |
J. Michell |
View |
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Maltese cross |
Mediterranean |
M. Chattelain |
View |
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Equilateral triangle |
France |
M. Chattelain |
View |
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2x Rose de Vents |
France |
Xavier Guichard |
Viev |
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Heptagon |
Wessex, England |
Chrichlow (1) |
View |
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Squaring the circle. |
London, England |
C. E. Street (2) |
View |
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Multiple |
Oracle centres |
Livvio Stecchini |
View |
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Equilateral triangle |
Southern England |
Personal observation |
View |
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Equilateral triangle |
England-France-Ireland |
Personal observation |
View |
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Isosceles triangle |
Southern England |
Personal observation |
View |
Note: The 'heptagon' above
has been discerned as embracing Wessex, however, the two most southern
points would only have been on dry land before 6,000 BC (1)
Ilkley Moor Triangle
- Three stone circles form an equilateral triangle on Ilkley Moor, being
separated by exactly 1,180 yards each. They are: The Twelve Apostles, The
Blackstones and The Grubstones. Flashing lights and other curious phenomena
have been reported several times over The Twelve Apostles. (4)
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